Your genetics can affect your health and behavior for many years to come. Knowing your health history is an important part of taking care of yourself as it can help you catch certain diagnoses before they progress. Genetics can affect your oral health into adulthood. Some adults are more prone to oral issues like gum disease or cavities for a variety of reasons, which we will discuss in this blog.
Mendelian Inheritance
Most genetic traits and diseases are passed through Mendelian Inheritance patterns. Each child inherits one chromosome from each parent so if they receive the chromosome with that disease or dominance of a certain type, it will develop in their lifetime.
Some chromosomal and genetic diseases are recessive, which means that even if a parent has this gene or chromosome, the child may not get it. Some conditions need to be present in both X and Y chromosomes to present in a child, others will only need to exist on one chromosome. Because of this, some children may have oral health concerns while others in the same family may not.
Genetic Roles In Oral Health
Genetics can play a role in the shape of your teeth, the bacteria in your mouth, and the enamel that coats your teeth. Some people are born with smoother teeth or may not produce enough saliva. Here are some genes that can most affect your oral health.
Saliva Production
The gene for saliva production is Aquaporin 5, which is a protein that aids in saliva production, tears, and pulmonary secretions. It helps allow water to pass through cell membranes at a rapid rate. When your Aquaporin 5 gene is affected, your salvia production may be lower than others. Saliva helps keep your mouth and teeth clean while limiting bacterial growth.
Enamel Hardness
Many genes and proteins contribute to the building of tooth enamel. These include ameloblastin, tuftelin 1, and tuftelin-interacting protein 11. The protein of Ameloblastin is crucial in elongating the enamel crystals during tooth formation. Amelogenin which is located on the X chromosome is responsible for the production of other proteins that help in tooth development.
Biofilm Formation
Another important gene or protein is Mucin 5. This is a gel-like substance that binds to inhaled bacteria or other pathogens to prevent them from spreading. Mucin helps to protect your tissues and your teeth from small microorganisms that cause gum issues or cavities. Overproduction of this substance though can also contribute to other diseases like asthma.
Teeth Formation And Shapes
Genetics plays the biggest role in how your teeth are shaped. The size of the tooth, the placement of teeth, and the grooves are all developed thanks to your genetics. Some people are born with deeper grooves than others. Adults could develop larger teeth that are close together, making it more difficult to floss. The alignment of your teeth is also important when your wisdom teeth start to come in as well. Those with larger teeth or misaligned teeth can need more extractions or orthodontic work. The shape and development of your teeth could lead to more cavities or more frequent dental visits.
Family History Of Gum Disease
Just like other health conditions (cancer, heart disease, asthma, etc.) gum disease can be passed down to future generations. Those with a history of periodontitis may be predisposed to developing gum disease. These individuals will need to stay on top of their dental exams, flossing, and other oral health behaviors to prevent further risk.
Other genetic factors or passed down behavior traits like sleep apnea, teeth grinding, smoking, snacking, or missed dental exams can also lead to bad oral health.
Oral Health Help From Sunset Dental
Sunset Dental provides preventative and proactive dental services in Utah. Our team focuses on dental cleanings and fillings but also offers protective mouthguards, dentures, bridges, extractions, and more. Finding a dentist you trust will make seeking oral care more attainable. Our dentists and hygienists will listen to your concerns and do all we can to help you love your smile.
We want to protect your whole family’s oral health, so our services are friendly for children, teens, and adults. Our entire staff is dedicated to ensuring you have a safe and comfortable experience while in our office. Reach out to Sunset Dental and schedule an appointment. Take control of your oral health today!